![]() They were a gathering of young painters, sculptors, architects, writers and critics who were challenging prevailing modernist approaches to culture as well as traditional views of fine art. The Independent Group (IG), founded in London in 1952, is regarded as the precursor to the pop art movement. Richard Hamilton's collage Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing? (1956) is one of the earliest works to be considered "pop art". During the 1920s, American artists Patrick Henry Bruce, Gerald Murphy, Charles Demuth and Stuart Davis created paintings that contained pop culture imagery (mundane objects culled from American commercial products and advertising design), almost "prefiguring" the pop art movement. ![]() Among those artists in Europe seen as producing work leading up to pop art are: Pablo Picasso, Marcel Duchamp, and Kurt Schwitters.Īlthough both British and American pop art began during the 1950s, Marcel Duchamp and others in Europe like Francis Picabia and Man Ray predate the movement in addition there were some earlier American proto-pop origins which utilized "as found" cultural objects. While pop art and Dadaism explored some of the same subjects, pop art replaced the destructive, satirical, and anarchic impulses of the Dada movement with a detached affirmation of the artifacts of mass culture. Similarly, pop art was both an extension and a repudiation of Dadaism. Early pop art in Britain was a matter of ideas fueled by American popular culture when viewed from afar. Britain focused on the dynamic and paradoxical imagery of American pop culture as powerful, manipulative symbolic devices that were affecting whole patterns of life, while simultaneously improving the prosperity of a society. īy contrast, the origins of pop art in post-War Britain, while employing irony and parody, were more academic. In the U.S., some artwork by Larry Rivers, Alex Katz and Man Ray anticipated pop art. They used impersonal, mundane reality, irony, and parody to "defuse" the personal symbolism and " painterly looseness" of abstract expressionism. In the United States, pop art was a response by artists it marked a return to hard-edged composition and representational art. The origins of pop art in North America developed differently from Great Britain. Even the labeling on the outside of a shipping box containing food items for retail has been used as subject matter in pop art, as demonstrated by Warhol's Campbell's Tomato Juice Box, 1964 (pictured).Ĭharles Demuth, I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold 1928, collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City Product labeling and logos figure prominently in the imagery chosen by pop artists, seen in the labels of Campbell's Soup Cans, by Andy Warhol. ![]() Pop art often takes imagery that is currently in use in advertising. Pop art and minimalism are considered to be art movements that precede postmodern art, or are some of the earliest examples of postmodern art themselves. Due to its utilization of found objects and images, it is similar to Dada. ![]() Pop art is widely interpreted as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract expressionism, as well as an expansion of those ideas. Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns among others in the United States. Īmongst the early artists that shaped the pop art movement were Eduardo Paolozzi and Richard Hamilton in Britain, and Larry Rivers, Ray Johnson. In pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, or combined with unrelated material. It is also associated with the artists' use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques. One of its aims is to use images of popular culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any culture, most often through the use of irony. The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane mass-produced objects. Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the United Kingdom and the United States during the mid- to late- 1950s. Synthetic polymer paint and silkscreen ink on wood, 10 inches × 19 inches × 9½ inches (25.4 × 48.3 × 24.1 cm), Museum of Modern Art, New York City Andy Warhol, Campbell's Tomato Juice Box, 1964. ![]()
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