![]() ![]() Some models have a side-to-side hydraulic frame leveling capability which tilts the frame up to 10 degrees relative to the axles to compensate for extreme axle articulation. Some forklifts use a single hydraulic cylinder to elevate the boom, while others use two cylinders. The engine and transmission are mounted within the frame along the center-line of the vehicle.īeyond this basic configuration, various manufacturers have their own unique designs and options. The hydraulic fluid tank and fuel tank are mounted opposite the cab on the right-hand side. The cab is mounted on the left-hand side of the frame structure with the bottom half of the cab low and between the tires. The boom is mounted at the rear of the forklift off a pivot that is raised several feet above the level of the frame. DesignĪ typical telescoping-boom rough terrain forklift is long and low with a pair of wheels at the extreme front and another pair located towards the rear. The hydraulic fluid, lubricants, and fuel are purchased in bulk quantities and are added as required. ![]() Purchased products include the engine, transmission, axles, wheels, tires, brakes, seat, gauges, lights, back-up alarm, hoses, and hydraulic cylinders. The remainder of the parts are usually purchased as finished products and are installed by the forklift manufacturer. Non-metallic materials such as nylon plastic blocks are sometimes used as guides in the boom assembly. Some steel or aluminum castings or forgings may also be used. Steel is the most common material for these subassemblies. The frame, cab, boom, and body of a tele-scoping-boom rough terrain forklift are usuallyįabricated by the forklift manufacturer. Two-wheel steering, four-wheel steering and four-wheel crab steering (all wheels turned in the same direction) configurations are available. They are usually a low-profile design and can pass through openings as low as 8 feet (2 m) high to gain access to the interior of a structure. The larger models use a telescoping boom with lift capacities up to 10,000 pounds (4,540 kg), vertical reaches up to 40 feet (12 m) and forward reaches of 25 feet (7 m) or more. They handle everything from pallets of concrete block to stacks of plywood to roof beams. Today, rough terrain forklifts are a common sight on construction projects. ![]() Requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) resulted in improved operator cabs and controls during this period. This was especially handy in crowded construction areas where open trenches, construction debris, or other construction work prevented a vertical lift fork-lift from operating close to the area where the material was needed.ĭevelopments during the 1970s and 1980s brought improvements in the telescoping boom design and the introduction of features such as automatic hydraulic frame leveling for increased stability. The telescoping boom allowed loads to be placed out from the base of the machine, both above grade and below grade. In 1962, the first telescoping-boom rough terrain forklift came on the market. It had a capacity of 6,000 pounds (2,724 kg) at a lift height of 22.5 feet (7 m), or 3,000 pounds (1,362 kg) at 35 feet (11 m). In 1958, the first four-wheel drive rough terrain forklift was introduced. By the mid-1950s, capacities of 2,500 pounds (1,135 kg) and lift heights of up to 30 feet (9 m) were available. Rapid development of vertical tower forklifts for industrial use was adapted to rough terrain forklifts as well. This early machine was used around construction sites and could lift about 1,000 pounds (454 kg) to a height of 30 inches (76 cm). The rough terrain forklift dates back to about 1946 when a two-pronged lift attachment was placed on a power buggy or tractor chassis. Rough terrain forklifts can have a vertical tower, which lifts loads straight up, or a telescoping boom, which lifts loads up and out from the base of the machine. They have large, pneumatic tires and are usually powered by an internal combustion engine running on gasoline, diesel, or propane fuel. They are commonly used around construction sites or in military applications. Rough terrain forklifts, as the name implies, are designed to run on rough, unpaved surfaces. Some smaller industrial forklifts are powered by an electric motor running off an internal battery. They have small tires designed to run on paved surfaces and are usually powered by an internal combustion engine running on gasoline, diesel, or propane fuel. Industrial forklifts are commonly used in ware-houses and around truck and train loading docks. Forklifts generally fall into two categories: industrial and rough terrain. A forklift is a mobile machine that uses two prongs, or forks, to lift and place loads into positions which are ordinarily difficult to reach. ![]()
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